Mazuvano, nekukurumidza kukura kwesainzi uye tekinoroji uye nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwedanho rekurapa, zvakare inoperekedzwa nekuunzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwakakura kwemidziyo yekurapa yemhando yepamusoro, iyo inoburitsa huwandu hukuru hweharmonics munzvimbo idzi dzekurapa, izvo zvinounza kukuvadza kwakakomba. kune kuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi uye basa rakajairwa remidziyo yekurapa.Active sefa mudziyo wave mudziyo wakakosha kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.
1.1 Zvishandiso zvekurapa
Kune huwandu hukuru hwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi mumidziyo yekurapa, uye zvishandiso izvi zvinoburitsa huwandu hukuru hweharmonics panguva yebasa, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa.Michina yakajairika ndeyeMRI (nuclear magnetic resonance instrument), CT muchina, X-ray muchina, DSA (cardiovascular difference machine) zvichingodaro.Pakati pavo, RF pulse uye alternating magineti inogadzirwa panguva yeMRI kushanda kuti igadzire nyukireya magineti resonance, uye zvese zviri zviviri RF pulse uye alternating magnetic field zvinounza harmonic kusvibiswa.Iyo rectifier bhiriji reiyo yakakwira-voltage rectifier mumuchina weX-ray inoburitsa maharmonics makuru kana ichishanda, uye X-ray muchina unorema uripo, iwo magetsi anogona kusvika makumi ezviuru zvevolts, uye yepakutanga divi iyo transformer ichawedzera pakarepo mutoro we60 kusvika ku70kw, iyo inowedzerawo harmonic wave yegridi.
1.2 Magetsi Equipment
Midziyo yekufemesa muzvipatara senge maairconditioner, mafeni, nezvimwewo, uye midziyo yekuvhenekesa semarambi efluorescent inoburitsa huwandu hukuru hwemaharmonics.Kuti uchengetedze simba, zvipatara zvakawanda zvinoshandisa mafeni ekushandura frequency uye air conditioners.Frequency converter yakakosha kwazvo harmonic sosi, yayo yakazara harmonic yazvino kukanganisa mwero THD-i inosvika kupfuura 33%, inoburitsa nhamba huru ye5, 7 harmonic yazvino kusvibisa magetsi grid.Mumagetsi ekuvhenekesa mukati mechipatara, kune nhamba yakawanda yemarambi efluorescent, ayo achabudisawo nhamba yakawanda ye harmonic currents.Kana marambi akawanda efluorescent akabatanidzwa kune matatu-phase mana-waya mutoro, mutsetse wepakati uchayerera hombe yechitatu harmonic ikozvino.
1.3 Zvishandiso zvekutaurirana
Parizvino, zvipatara macomputer network manejimendi, zvinoreva kuti huwandu hwemakomputa, kutariswa kwevhidhiyo uye maodhiyo emidziyo yakawanda, uye aya ndiwo akajairika masosi.Pamusoro pezvo, sevha inochengeta data mukombuta network manejimendi system inofanirwa kunge ine simba rekuchengetedza senge UPS.Iyo UPS inotanga kugadzirisa iyo mains simba kuita yakananga ikozvino, chikamu chayo chinochengetwa mubhatiri, uye chimwe chikamu chinoshandurwa kuita yakadzorwa AC simba kuburikidza neinverter kuti ipe simba kumutoro.Kana iyo mains terminal ichipihwa, bhatiri rinopa simba kune inverter kuti irambe ichishanda uye ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakajairika kwemutoro.Uye isu tinoziva kuti rectifier uye inverter ichashandisa IGBT uye PWM tekinoroji, saka iyo UPS ichaburitsa yakawanda ye3, 5, 7 harmonic ikozvino kubasa.
2. Kukuvadza kweharmonics kumidziyo yezvokurapa
Kubva pane tsananguro iri pamusoro, tinogona kuona kuti kune akawanda eharmonic masosi muhurongwa hwekugovera chipatara, iyo inoburitsa huwandu hukuru hwemaharmonics (ine 3, 5, 7 harmonics seyakanyanya) uye inosvibisa zvakanyanya gidhi remagetsi, zvichikonzera. matambudziko emhando yemagetsi akadai seharmonic kuwanda uye kusarerekera harmonic kuwandisa.Matambudziko aya anogona kukanganisa kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekurapa.
2.1 Kukuvadza kweharmonics kumidziyo yekutora mifananidzo
Nekuda kwekukanganisa kweharmonics, vashandi vekurapa vanowanzoona kutadza kwemidziyo.Izvi zvinokanganisa zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwedata, mifananidzo isina kujeka, kurasikirwa kweruzivo uye mamwe matambudziko, kana kukuvadza zvikamu zvebhodhi redunhu, zvichiita kuti michina yekurapa isarambe ichishanda semazuva ese.Kunyanya, kana mimwe michina yekufungidzira ikakanganiswa neharmonics, iyo yemukati yemagetsi zvikamu zvinogona kurekodha kushanduka uye kushandura kuburitsa, izvo zvinozotungamira mukupindirana deformation kana kusanzwisisika kweiyo waveform mufananidzo, izvo zviri nyore kukonzera zvisizvo.
2.2 Kukuvadza kweharmonics kurapa uye zvekuyamwisa zviridzwa
Kune zvakawanda zvemagetsi zvinoshandiswa pakurapa, uye chimbo chekuvhiya ndicho chinonyanya kukuvadzwa ne harmonics.Kuvhiya kurapwa kunoreva kurapwa kwelaser, high-frequency electromagnetic wave, radiation, microwave, ultrasound, etc. chete kana pamwe chete nekuvhiya kwechinyakare.Midziyo inoenderana inoenderana nekukanganiswa kweharmonic, chiratidzo chinobuda chichava ne clutter kana kusimudza zvakananga chiratidzo cheharmonic, zvichikonzera kukurudzira kwakasimba kwemagetsi kuvarwere, uye kune njodzi huru dzekuchengetedza pakubata zvimwe zvikamu zvakakosha.Zvishandiso zvemukoti senge maventilator, pacemakers, ECG monitors, nezvimwewo, zvine hukama nehupenyu hwevachengeti, uye chiratidzo chezvimwe zviridzwa chisina kusimba, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kuunganidzwa kweruzivo rusina kururama kana kutadza kushanda kana kuchiitwa harmonic. kupindira, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kuvarwere nezvipatara.
3. Harmonic control matanho
Zvinoenderana nezvinokonzeresa harmonics, matanho ekurapa anogona kukamurwa kuita matatu anotevera marudzi: kudzikisa iyo impedance system, kudzikisira iyo harmonic sosi, uye nekuisa iyo sefa mudziyo.
3.1 Deredza iyo impedance system
Kuti uwane chinangwa chekudzikisa iyo impedance yehurongwa, zvinodikanwa kudzikisa chinhambwe chemagetsi pakati pemidziyo yemagetsi isina mutsara uye magetsi ekupa, nemamwe mazwi, kuvandudza danho remagetsi.Semuyenzaniso, midziyo mikuru yechigayo chesimbi ndeye electric arc furnace, iyo yakatanga kushandisa 35KV magetsi, uye yakateedzana yakagadzikwa 35KV yakakosha mutsara magetsi neaviri 110KV substations, uye harmonic chikamu chaive chakakwira pa35KV bhazi bar.Mushure mekushandiswa kwechinhambwe chemakiromita mana chete 220KV substation yakamisa 5 35KV yakakosha mutsara magetsi, iyo harmonics mubhazi yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, mukuwedzera kune chirimwa zvakare yakashandisa yakakura kugona synchronous jenareta, kuitira kuti kureba kwemagetsi kweaya asina mitsetse. mitoro yakanyanya kuderedzwa, zvekuti chirimwa chakaburitsa harmonic kudzikiswa.Iyi nzira ine mari huru yekudyara, inoda kurongeka pamwe nekugadzirisa gidhi remagetsi kuronga, uye inokodzera mapurojekiti makuru eindasitiri, uye zvipatara zvinoda simba risingaperi risingaperi, rinowanzofambiswa nezviteshi zviviri kana kupfuura, saka nzira iyi haisi zvakakosha.
3.2 Kudzikamisa harmonic masosi
Iyi nzira inoda kushandura kumisikidzwa kweharmonic sosi, kudzikisira nzira yekushanda yekugadzira maharmonics muhuwandu hukuru, uye kuisa pfungwa pakushandisa zvishandiso zvine harmonic kuwirirana kudzima mumwe nemumwe.Kuwanda kwemaitiro eharmonics kunowedzerwa nekuwedzera chikamu chenhamba yekushandura, uye kukosha kunoshanda kweharmonic ikozvino kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.Iyi nzira inoda kugadzirisa zvakare dunhu remidziyo uye kuronga kushandiswa kwezviridzwa, izvo zvine zvakakwirira zvinogumira.Chipatara chinogona kugadzirisa zvishoma maererano nemamiriro ayo, izvo zvinogona kuderedza huwandu hweharmonics kune imwe nhanho.
3.3 Kuisa iyo Sefa mudziyo
Parizvino, kune maviri anowanzo shandiswa AC sefa zvishandiso: passive sefa mudziyo uyeinoshanda sefa mudziyo (APF).Iyo passive sefa mudziyo, inozivikanwawo seLC sefa mudziyo, inoshandisa musimboti weLC resonance kugadzira zvakatevedzana resonance bazi kuti ipe yakadzika kwazvo impedance chiteshi kuti iyo chaiyo nhamba yeharmonics iburitswe kunze, kuti irege kubaiwa. mugedhi remagetsi.Iyo passive sefa mudziyo ine yakapusa dhizaini uye yakajeka harmonic absorption mhedzisiro, asi inogumira kune harmonics yechisikigo frequency, uye maitiro emubhadharo ane pesvedzero huru pane grid impedance (panguva yakatarwa, iyo grid impedance uye LC. Sefa mudziyo unogona kunge uine parallel resonance kana series resonance).Active sefa mudziyo (APF) rudzi rutsva rwesimba remagetsi mudziyo, unoshandiswa kudzvinyirira zvine simba kudzvanya maharmonics uye kudzoreredza reactive simba.Inogona kuunganidza uye kuongorora chiratidzo chezvino chemutoro munguva chaiyo, kupatsanura imwe neimwe harmonic uye reactive simba, uye kudzora inoshandura inobuda ne harmonic uye reactive ikozvino yakaenzana amplitude uye reverse muripo wezvino kuburikidza nemutongi kuti abvise harmonic ikozvino mumutoro, kuitira kuti uwane chinangwa chekutonga kweharmonic.Active sefamudziyo une zvakanakira zvenguva chaiyo yekutevera, kukurumidza kupindura, yakazara muripo (reactive simba uye 2 ~ 31 harmonics inogona kubhadharwa panguva imwe chete).
4 Kunyatso shandiswa kweAPF inoshanda sefa mudziyo muzvipatara
Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwemararamiro evanhu uye kukurumidza kwekuchembera kwevanhu, kudiwa kwemabasa ekurapa kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera, uye indasitiri yebasa rekurapa yave kuda kupinda munguva yekukura nekukurumidza, uye mumiriri akakosha uye akakosha weindasitiri yekurapa. chipatara.Nekuda kwekukosha kwakakosha munharaunda uye kukosha kwechipatara, mhinduro yedambudziko rayo remhando yemagetsi inokurumidza.
4.1 APF sarudzo
Mabhenefiti ekutonga kweharmonic, chekutanga, ndeye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwega kwevarwere nevashandi vekurapa, ndiko kuti, kudzikisa kana kubvisa kukanganisa kwakashata kwekutonga kweharmonic pahurongwa hwekugovera, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakajairika kwevashanduri uye zviridzwa zvekurapa. ;Chechipiri, inoratidzira zvakananga mabhenefiti ehupfumi, ndiko kuti, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakajairwa kweyakaderera-voltage capacitance compensation system, kutamba basa rayo rakakodzera, kuderedza harmonic zvirimo mugedhi remagetsi, uye kugadzirisa simba remagetsi, kuderedza reactive simba kurasikirwa. , uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa remidziyo.
Kukuvadza kweharmonics kune indasitiri yezvokurapa yakakura kwazvo, nhamba huru yeharmonics ichakanganisa mashandiro uye kushandiswa kwezviridzwa zvakaringana, uye inogona kuisa pangozi kuchengetedzwa kwemunhu mumatambudziko akakomba;Ichawedzerawo simba rekurasikirwa kwemutsara uye kupisa kwemuitisi, kuderedza kushanda uye hupenyu hwezvigadzirwa, saka kukosha kwekutonga kwe harmonic kunozviratidza.Kuburikidza nekuiswa kweactive sefamudziyo, chinangwa cheharmonic control chinogona kuwanikwa zvakanaka, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu nemidziyo.Munguva pfupi, harmonics control inoda imwe mari yekudyara mari mukutanga;Nekudaro, kubva pakuona kwenguva refu yebudiriro, iyo APFinoshanda sefa mudziyoiri nyore kuchengetedza munguva inotevera, uye inogona kushandiswa munguva chaiyo, uye zvikomborero zvehupfumi zvinounzwa nazvo kudzora ma harmonics uye mabhenefiti ezvemagariro ekuchenesa gidhi remagetsi zviri pachena zvakare.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-30-2023